People in this building (2010 12)

 Text / reporter on behalf of Jin Chen Yahui
humanistic concept created by building a In Beiyuan, Wangjing, Dongba, regular business, mattress, respectively, the first five to build a three-scale general hospital. Changping District of Beijing in the near future are also planning construction of 5 regional tertiary hospitals. Beijing Tongzhou District Core also plans to build four regional medical centers.
Beijing Tiantan Hospital, has been elected the new site Fan Jia Hua Xiang in the village of Fengtai District, the new address of the premises covers an area of 29.2 hectares, equivalent to 4 times now Tiantan Hospital. Beijing Xuanwu Hospital Expansion a project put into operation in 2012, the expanded area is 3 times. Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University is building a new clinic building, will become the major hospital in Beijing is the largest building a Beijing hospital outpatient building hh
the massive construction projects, in fact, only the country rebuild, expand, a microcosm of a new hospital. Health Ministry statistics show that the eastern region in 2008 a total of 7569 hospitals, the central region 6249, for the 5894 Western Region. Only a year's time, East Hospital, bringing the total to 7771, the central region reached 6428, and even the western region of 198 hospitals also increased, making the total to 6,092 hospitals.
However, , the completion of the new floor plan to the hospital, not a simple causal relationship, but a complex system of the adjustment process. space, process, transport, light, color, energy consumption, and even the placing of a toilet need to be considered are the hospital buildings problems. hospital buildings in addition to practical, sturdy and beautiful, the need and the hospital's functional requirements combine the psychological needs of patients, so that the hospital become a pleasant place.
spatial form in different sites change
New Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital of Foshan City, the first bidding contest to win the final victory of the Ghost Research International Engineering Research Institute of Medical building is given a fairly far-sighted solution, that is, ten years later, does not seem out of date, and even still has reference.
quite visionary in this design, the most impressed that the hospital was clever the layout changes, with neither followed the Chinese architectural tradition of the multi-hospital corridor-style buildings scattered layout, but also abandoned the high concentration of high-rise buildings, and ultimately chose the semi-centralized podium Gata floor space layout.
Throughout the history of the Chinese hospital architectural design, the early modern medical building door emergency, medical technology, hospital, logistics are independent, through the corridor in series, the formation of the whole hospital district. This multi-corridor-style buildings scattered layout of the biggest advantages is the single building adequate, good natural ventilation and natural lighting.
1958 years of construction in Beijing University of the Third Affiliated Hospital, two two-story outpatient building among workers connected shape, five-story ward building through the north corridor and auxiliary medical, surgical floor, connected between the two groups of buildings such as the emergency department and radiology, outpatient by Before the formation of a small back garden ward building, all construction within the corridor by corridor, and the formation of the interior contact (see Figure 1).
good, but the drawback is long internal transport routes, walking through each other seriously. After the increase, in the corridor between the waiting area becomes very congested. a lot of trouble, so a dozen layers,
twenty or even up to thirty layers of layers of high-rise buildings were built. The biggest advantage of high-rise building compact, space saving, flow lines are short McNair. some hospitals even diagnosis, treatment, care and space and different levels within the ward on the same floor, in addition to interventional treatment, other tests and treatments can be resolved in this layer can effectively reduce the patients on different floors in different buildings and forth between The rush of pain.
In spatial distribution, concentration ratio spread can increase the efficiency of the hospital. In addition, the development of modern medical technology has led to the complexity of medical equipment, pipe, medical ministries settings can effectively reduce the concentration of facilities to reduce hospital length of the tunnel daily running costs. < br> The system is also highly concentrated spatial distribution constraints the key factor. because there is no formation of natural ventilation windows, artificial environment can only rely on the provision of adequate fresh air. While most of the new hospital has set up a central air conditioning system, but apart from a large outside the operating room Most houses are used fan-coil system, although such a system can provide some comfort, but to prevent infection is difficult to control the air flow, combined with wet coil may become breeding grounds for bacterial growth, it is easy to cause cross-infection .
a very large area, high investment costs, may be that many hospital administrators unacceptable. Building Design First People's Hospital of Foshan City, opening up new spatial patterns into account the original intention.
high efficiency. But the whole building is like a big Menguan, confined space is easy to increase the psychological pressure, completely artificial environment of the large energy consumption, operating costs of the hospital is not a lot of pressure. and this all functional areas of focus are stacked perpendicular to the traffic layout on a lot of pressure. .
the end, their solution is distributed and centralized by combining the semi-centralized podium Gata floor space layout. upcoming city block in the bottom of hospital space into a podium in the plane-intensive, Beyond that height on the podium into the tower, which formed the bottom of the podium plus space above the tower desktop tower models.
Hospital Emergency Department as the maximum space the flow of people, so they will be outpatient and emergency and medical technicians, etc. functional areas are concentrated in low-rise podium building set to reduce the patient's examination, diagnosis and treatment line, and improve efficiency. the middle to the creation of multiple patio to enhance the air convection in order to achieve natural ventilation and natural lighting. medical technology sector is in the center of the layout, in order to achieve resource sharing, while service in outpatient clinics and wards. inpatient tower is relatively independent of the high-rise buildings, through windows to achieve light and ventilation. with the corridor door and the emergency medical technology sector and establish contact.
in a press interview , many semi-professional architects are central to this comparison the spatial layout recognition, because the layout is more suitable for the actual demands of the hospital. as some new hospitals such as the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hospital District, Tianjin TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital , Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, Beijing Tongren Hospital Yizhuang Branch, Peking University International Hospital have adopted the basic layout of this space.
the construction area as much as possible. see Figure 2).
the rise of medical Street, Foshan City, Guangdong Province
First People's Hospital, the hospital building to bring more bright spots in China, is the first time the concept of medical Street. In the design of public space in the hospital , the settings for medical Street pressure to ease the people, to meet the diverse needs of patients, and effective organization of space played a significant role in the layout.
early 70s in the 20th century, European countries will be the architect of the medical Street the design of public space for the hospital. Professor Liu Yulong told reporters: casual conversation space, is representative of contemporary commercial society space model. medical Street Galleria shopping center similar characteristics and will all the important areas are linked to the main entrance channel, and a clear guide the identification, played a r l trunk space role in strengthening the building interior identification of flow lines. Meanwhile, medical Street often broad and long, you can build the services business and the arts, shopping centers allow patients to feel the atmosphere, thereby reducing the people in the hospital The anxiety and stress. collusion combination of traffic diversion and space to play the role of recognition.
Foshan First People's Hospital from using this mode, many large hospitals have adopted the design of medical Street form. Tianjin TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital in addition to With medical Street to form the trunk traffic identification space, pay more attention to create a surgical departments, and wards east of the entrance hall connecting out-line design has become a commercial street, with restaurants, cafes, shops and other facilities, its main function is to facilitate people to hospital use, soften the atmosphere also play a role. < br> Taiwan medical Street Hospital for fuller use of public areas, where children often hold exhibitions of artists and the institutions of the arts community and the church choir performances and other cultural activities, the medical doctor who came to the hospital not only in the waiting time can be to enjoy the exhibition and cultural performances, while in a relaxed mood tension can mold character.
Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, also achieved the ideal layout of the semi-centralized, out-patient medical Street connecting hall, clinics and medical departments , the formation of the hospital's main axis. courtyard in the medical setting and lighting the streets ceiling, so that the whole street has plenty of natural light, ventilation, seems interesting and has identifiable. hospitals have ceiling lighting can be adjusted with the sunlight blinds smart cover curtains, launched in the hot summer sun, energy conservation.
, so it does not waiting role. br> patient Overseas experience is a large out-patient hospital functions from the existing separate, so that the function of large hospitals are more concentrated. but because of the people favor of large hospitals, many hospital beds now on outpatients has reached more than 3 times, so not only can large hospitals and hospital outpatient discrete form, but also rapidly expanding.
subjects attending area straight into the registration, payment. But the vast majority of hospitals still retained the habit of setting registration window. In order to avoid congestion, increased as much as possible the hospital out-patient space is preferred.
hospital in Germany not see the so-called registration counter, room charges, Only a row of tables, admissions staff and patients sat, side table, no windows and network security, in close contact to complete all admissions procedures. and different entrance hall of the hospital, German hospital patient is not the most luxurious lobby space, crowd and traffic diverted as a transitional space, they give more consideration to the functional rather than ornamental, and the entrance hall of the hospital layout is exactly the focus.
Hospital attached considerable importance to the protection of patient privacy, patient diagnosis and treatment, will have separate, private space. waiting in the crowded clinic, treatment, a patient has numerous observers see a doctor, almost every day, 365 days in the noisy, chaotic, everything people may feel tired. clinic crowded inside and outside the often dense pile of waiting patients, which has become Shanghai Jiaotong University Xinhua Hospital Affiliated Xu Weiguo, a heart disease. Xu Weiguo raised in the transformation of the largest out-patient demands.
needs. to fit the original layout of the room central air conditioning, consulting room lighting requirements, and strong, durable, beautiful, etc., will be cut off set to the height of about 1.7 meters, 0.9 meters is opaque, more use of frosted glass, transparent glass, the bottom of the local through the air to form consulting room meet the basic requirements of privacy. . Patients need to check the body, in the glass partition to install a door for easy inspection of doctors to patients (such as the rectal examination, urinary system checks) to ensure patient privacy.
Shanghai Jiaotong University, Ruijin Hospital of the largest outpatient health reform is to implement a one consulting room, consulting room is not used as a fixed space of a doctor, but set the doctor's office for medical use.
Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, has been involved in reconstruction and expansion project of the Miss Chen Lixian told reporters: information queuing system, fully able to achieve is not fixed clinic use.
specialized channels. This design can also prevent medical disputes, because the doctor has a dedicated channel of escape. people certainly have different answers. Tianjin TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital Liu Cheng's answer is the distance to the ward nursing station. This issue has as a subject in depth study of Yale University.
40% of time is used in walking, in order to reduce the walking distance to increase nurse and patient contact time, the ward nursing station to the farthest distance must not be too far. the layout of the hospital ward, both from single-to dual Gallery Gallery Type type, the space between the two corridors to set nursing station, clean the items between the Treasury and the dirt, equipment rooms, medical offices and treatment rooms. Double corridor makes nurses wards from the station to a single corridor near a lot more to reduce the distance nurses walk, the relative increase of the time nursing care for patients.
double corridor although somewhat improved efficiency, but inevitably led strip plane doctors and nurses to walk long distance problems. the world's architects are persistently explore the solution.
American Scott and White Memorial Hospital ward layout using radial model (see Figure 3) Center is passenger elevators, escalators disease, treatment rooms and other support space, the three corridors radiating to the three nurses stations, respectively, the formation of ward three circles around the nursing station, a big circle to accommodate 30, two small round capacity of 16, respectively, due to ward into the sector, will depend on the bathroom wall in the side. ward round the door directly into the nurses station, each nursing station to the wards are very close distance.
into this room, because to be the most direct care. But the opposite is true, the nurse in order to observe the patient, often the door open, the patients without any privacy, placing beds in the room is facing the nursing station, the patient can not see the scenery outside the window, increasing the patient's sense of isolation. shorten the distance of care, more compact size of the core area. to live where people lack the sense of direction, for the patient, this unusual feeling of space will increase the psychological discomfort. estimated to be more respect for the natural light and ventilation to provide room to have 3 hours in the winter solstice, the cumulative duration of sunshine, so follow our ward, or the layout of the strip plane, most only do the layout of deformation. Central South University, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiangya The second inpatient hospital stay in the building were working to shape, to the south all the wards are set to ensure the ward has a good direction and vision. South, North Wing of the arrangements for a nursing unit, and some of the features at the intersection of all, there help shorten the distance care.
Another factor is the layout of wards the number of beds mm single bed? Twin? or multi-bed?
this problem in different countries have different answers. the United States since the 20th century, 70 years later The new hospital, they use a single-based model, Europe and the United States different, they are more like twin room.
view of current conditions, there is a certain set too many real problems. related to the same floor area (including toilets, corridors, equipment, nursing stations, doctors and auxiliary buildings, etc.), single-bed rooms can only increase the seventy-eight square meters of space to meet the twin requirements, compared with single bed wards building cost and the ratio of beds to not economic; Finally, single-bed rooms for patients psychologically prone to anxiety and loneliness, the disease is not conducive to recovery.
If personality clashes between the two patients, the ward atmosphere is not good, but more likely than between three to avoid such embarrassment. Twin room with bathroom with ways in our current circumstances are more appropriate. challenge this tradition.
Saint Luke Medical Center in the United States the new heart hospital ward building (Cardiac Patient Tower in St.Lukers Medical Center) tested the idea of decentralized nursing station. The construction of 27 single-bed rooms on each floor in the outer circle is the sun room, corridor, for the sick, visit talk to the rest of the personnel, but also nurses working point. all kinds of support equipment and instruments on the ward corridor side of the room, setting each layer dispersed computer workstations around the perimeter in the ward. This arrangement reduces the time nurses for the Corridor, for the critical care patient rooms are similar to the intensive care unit, nurses on the side. but this depends on the layout of innovative nursing the concept of change, nurses, nurses are no longer all patients, but the responsibility of a patient in a nurse, in charge of the patient from admission to discharge the whole process of life, psychological care, develop care plans based on individual needs.
bathroom location is also the layout of the factors that affect the ward. situation, reduce the nursing distance, bed easy to move. > Medical Technology as a comprehensive outpatient and inpatient hospital examination and treatment in common use areas should be adjacent in the layout of the door, the emergency department, and the doors were branched layout of emergency, inpatient extension, through the ; convenient for outpatient and emergency, inpatient common use, to achieve the purpose of sharing resources.
about the design concept of medical departments, stressed that either give up or hit the wall around, put together space, the final destruction of the patient for medical treatment process and the overall layout of the hospital. and the formation of functional areas and processes, but also should pay attention to the function of the efficiency of the hospital.
balance between different hospital functions is not the same focus, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital focused on the function of a balance between the ward and the proportion of medical technology coordination. Simply put, is limited under the control of the area and investment in space is the emphasis on the number of beds or medical departments? may be some hospital administrators will not hesitate to choose the number of beds, after all it is their choice expansion, new the original intention of the largest hospitals, and even compression to increase the number of beds in the area of para-medical space.
Liu way, but chose the latter.
disciplines embodied energy and quality of service. requirements will certainly be increasing, so our most important task is to use a better ability to serve these relatively stable population, not the unlimited expansion. so we are medical departments of the settings, select the maximum number of devices. br> The decline in hospitalization in Europe and the United States have begun in the United States nearly a decade of hospitalization rates declined by about 1 / 4 as much. Charite Hospital, Berlin, Germany, 35 years have elapsed since the time of the original design for the 1000 hospital beds is now compressed by half.
Hospital admission cycle is 14 days, and now only 4 days, which makes hospital beds in the operations had to compress to accommodate changes in the situation. is still unknown, but medical insurance system reform in China is pushing forward, day surgery also began to rise, gradually accepted into the community rehabilitation patients hh According to report, Peking University International Hospital, the setting of functional areas, also used to increase the medical departments of space to narrow the idea of ward space.
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Lu Bin, Chinese Academy of Building Research Building Environment and Energy Research Institute, Shanghai Shen Kang Hospital who have been the child care development center in Shanghai to test the energy consumption of the hospital and diagnosis. diagnosis is the consumption of hospital can be concentrated in terms of power and gas consumption, accounting for 95% of the hospital about the total energy consumption per unit floor area of energy cost in the 105? 148 yuan / (ma).
Development Center Shanghai Shen Hong bear on the hospital 23 hospitals in investment, operation, management responsibility, specifically the energy consumption of the hospital research, which shows the hospital energy consumption has begun to attract the concern of hospital managers. In fact, behind this concern, in addition to establishing the image of the green outside the hospital , is also based on hospital cost considerations of reality.
for hospital buildings, the biggest energy source is air conditioning and heating systems. HUANG Xi Meta led by the International Medical Institute of Architectural Design engineering company to promote public space in the South and even the hall is not open to air out-patient, thereby reducing energy consumption. They Shaoguan, Quanzhou has begun the implementation of the project.
HUANG Xi told reporters, At present, good results. HUANG Xi with a smile instead of a reply. Although not the most direct method of energy conservation, but the use of high-tech means to achieve ecological and energy saving is more for the ages. sectors such as the operating room air, temperature, humidity is very high requirements Many hospitals surgery centers to run the air conditioning to 24 hours, the corresponding energy consumption has caused great.
; Chen Li first in the renovation and expansion of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital project to do this. in the layout, she has adopted the latest international operations center island-style layout mode, the sterilization equipment, surgical dressings stored in the clean room enclosed center channel, the center of the vertical position by the appropriate disinfection of clean and disinfect the supply department go directly into the ladder as far as possible reduce the clean channel area, thereby saving the expensive clean room required to pay the costs.
Copenhagen World Climate The General Assembly of the Conference to make the world set off a
requirements of building standards in the parking spaces as possible, the United States may have passed this stage, they felt the number of parking spaces can not be infinitely extended, to a reasonable number, you should think of other ways. kinds of low-carbon system to guide behavior is not the U.S. patent, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine also provides that only employees are high above the title to the car park at the hospital, 500 yuan per month. Vice-President, but I have also stopped the car outside. I do want to nest, the warmth of family is familiar with every detail of the fine and the family and the hotel biggest difference is in the details pile up in the atmosphere. All the attention is ultimately the patient through the details of those close to the living breath to express. < br> sill height of the German general hospital wards is only 50? 60 cm, or to use windows, so that patients in bed can see the scenery outside the window. Some peripheral balcony resting in the ward, there will be some flower embellishment on the balcony It houses with bay windows and a balcony in Germany is the same, it is daily life.
Red Cross Hospital, Munich, Department of Radiology waiting room, the heart of the building because there is no natural light, the architects designed the space at the top of the glass light boxes, LCD screen installed on the wall showing circular images of tropical fish kept swimming. These considerations detailed feature set and the details of the impression that the ubiquitous human care.
Taiwan's National Cheng Kung University Hospital will treat common childhood diseases medical equipment made into a model of diagnosis and treatment of children placed in the waiting room area where children play as a toy to ease the clinic when the strangeness and tension brought about.
children in the hospital with a variety of treatment rooms in addition to dazzling color with pictures, also made of adjuvant treatment of advanced science and technology. When the children entered the consulting room, you can choose Sea World, the African forests, such as different theme. When the mode is determined, the room will simulate the corresponding theme and sound environment, Help children to participate in rehabilitation therapy.
building construction temperature changes in Taiwan's medical

text / correspondents Chenya Hui Jin
National Taiwan University Children's Hospital on behalf of out-patient waiting area on the first floor.
the complexity of the medical building is not only to achieve the function of the medical function and the perfect integration of architecture, at the same time need to carry the heavy impermanence of life and humanity's ultimate concern, and finally reach human beings, Type Hospital (pavilion hospital) to the 19th century, the hospital block (block hospital), then by the rise of architectural style internationalism and reflection, the definition of humanity back to the hospital Hospital three decades, its buildings to achieve a modern transformation. Although most of the medical buildings in Taiwan are straightforward and simple appearance, into which was able to feel the ultimate moment of care given to the building temperature. alone, Taiwan is the mainland medical model of the building.
transformation three years
Taiwanese consciousness medical building began in the 70s. by the impact of changes in the health care system, coupled with the impact of the concept of hospital management in Europe and America, and Taiwan during this period changes gradually from the blind expansion of the awakening, the beginning of local conditions, exploration and the Taiwan hospital management fit with the architectural art.
70 in Taiwan in the late hospital buildings began to emerge from the shackles of the leading departments, starting from the hospital management to integrate all departments different needs. Taiwan prestigious Chang Gung Memorial Hospital is in when ...